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J. R. RICHARDS. SEOTIONAL MOLD FOR PUTTING UP BUILDINGS 0P CONCRETE AND OTHER- MATERIALS.

No. 65,945. Patented June 18, 1867.

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gains tstrsiutrnt @ffirrf JonN' n. RICHARDS, OF MOUNT JOY, PENNSYLVANIA, AssieNonro HIM- SELF AND ALFRED L. MENUEZ, OF CLEVELAND, 01110.

Letters Tatent'L o. 65,945, dated June 18, 1867.

IMPROVED SEGTIONAI. MOULDSI'OR PUTTING UP BUILDINGS 0P CONCRETE AND OTHER MATERIALS.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, JOHN R. RICHARDS, of Mount Joy, in the countyof Lancaster, and State of Pennsyl- Vania, have invented a new combination and means of hardening, by the intervention of certain sectional moulds a'Composition for Forming Artificial Stone for Building Purposes, (of dwelling-houses, walls, &c.;) and I do herehy'declare thatthe following is a full and exact description of the construction and application of 'my flanged sectional moulds and-process of hardening the composition I employ, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portion of my sectional moulds united for the inner and outer face of the wall, representing two stories. i

' Figure 2 is a perspective view of one of the inner sections, H and its counterpart or outer section, 13*.

Figure 3 shows a side elevation of the same, with the lower sections A and I added.

Figure 4 is a front view, showing the spaces for thejoists.

Figure 5, thejoists shown with dove-tail ends, by which they are embedded into the compost forming the walls.

Figure 6 represents four walls put up, with the sectional moulds removed. i

The object of this invention is to provide a series of moulds, in sections, united by flanges, so arranged as to break joints alternately with the window and door-frames, sills, casing, and cornice, and any desired moulding or ornamental carving raised or depressed in the patterns forming the moulds, between which the composition is firmly packed and then hardened. "These sections are built 'up from the foundation, forming the inner andexternal cast of the walls of any desired thickness, so bound together by the beams and joists as to make the four walls, (with window and door-spaces all in place,) ofone continuous stone-like material, firmly set, and

ready for roofing. These moulds will answer for any number of dwellings of the same size and pattern. For a diflerent design another series or portions of a series of moulds must be provided.

The sections are formed as shown by fig. 2. In their arrangement B shows a flange, F, above andbelow, with holes for bolts, fastened by a nut nnd'screw to the section above and below. X shows a box surrounding the window, as wide as the wall shall b'ethick. y forms the outer projection of the window,-and zthe sill, carved out of the inner face of the outer segment 135 On each side are shown holes for strong screw-bolts, to connect the external series of sectional moulds with the interior ones, such as H This shows'the open window W and easing sunk in the mould, with corresponding holes, H, for the aforesaid bintlin'g-bolta- Q are square blocks cut out for the middle joists. Fig. 4 shows a-separate piece, K, in which spaces are left for the joists on top of the upper sections. Fig. 3 shows the bolts B binding the segments B H and sections A and P N, a door. box. M, a box for the windows. J, the joists, projecting with a dove-tailed nd,- 7', beyond the inner sections to within 'a. short distance of the outer face. a shows a recess for the outer wall plate on the foundation. in is a piece of round or angled timber inserted at intervals vertically and centrally between the moulds. These are gradually raised as the composition is partially set, and leave open interstices between the moulds in the wall, both for ventilation and means of hastening the hardening, hereafter explained. D forms the cornice. A piece, 0, is inserted between that and the upper flanges F to facilitate removing the'moulds, said strip 0 having a slight bevel for the object named. With the sections all prepared and numbered, the lower series A and are set up. The sections I, &c., behind them, the allotted distance apart. A vertical base-strip, G, is shown in sections, fig. 1-; also a continuous binding-piece, E. on the lower flanges F, forming the lower front sections. These are continued around the sides and rear to form the lower story. The composition I find best adapted is formed out-of the following materials in the proportions specified, which varies from other similar compositions: I take nine and a half peeks of clean sand to one peck of quicklime and two quarts of hydraulic lime or Roman cement; the lime and sund'beingintimately mixed and thoroughly digested, which may be promotedby enclosing the composition in a box and passing a jet of steam through it at various points. This has proved highly con- 'ducive for digesting the sand, and greatly reduces the time otherwise required to effect the same. This I do not claim as new, or a part of my invention, nor do I claim the composition or materials combined as new,

although I .difier,in the proportions of the same from any I have yet met with. When properly digested, then (the hydraulic lime being incorporated with the sand and lime) it is ready for filling and packing between the moulds, around the (10012311421 window-boxes, projecting joists or timber, thoroughly driven into every portion of the moulds and stamped, (hydrostatic pressure may be employed as ameans,) using the vertical timber m to form the tubular spaces, into which marble dust or broken limestenes are thrown, when the timber is withdrawn-and sulphuric acid poured in, and the top of the tube closed; this hastens the hardening of the cement or composition. Thus, when the lower segmentvmonlds are filled, the second series are set up, their flanges bolted on, the binding-bolts R introduced, and the intervening spaces filled up, packed, and saturated with carbonic acid gas in like manner, up to the cornice and water-table, the joists inserted, and eross-framedas the walls .go up. With the flooring, beams, &c., in place, supported in the moulds, fora cottage or central conic roof, the walls may be all of equal height, or gable-ends can be set up in like manner-by means of sectional moulds.

I am aware that houses have been put up by packing stifi' mortar or cement between plan s, mixed with pebbles and fragments of stones, and boxing out the windows, gradually-raising the planking as the walls harden and go up, or cutting out the openings for the windows after the mud or composition walle have been set up. What I deem novel in my mode of building consists in the use of two series of sectional moulds, with the box attachments for the doors and windows, the flanges and uniting screw-bolts, together with the arrangement of the dove-tailed projecting'joists into the space between the.moulds, the open spaces, and the introduction of carbonic acid gas in the manner specified; these, combined with my proportions of the materials, alllacting conjointly as ameans to a certain end, 2'. e., the formation of compact, substantial walls, as durable as when made out of solid stone, neatly fashioned, and coming reasonably cheap,,as one setof moulds will answer for many buildings, being easily set up and taken down. the holes of the bolts R filled up, and a final finish given in amanner ne rer heretofore accomplished. I

For ornamental walls around enclosures it is also very applicable, and deemed a novel and efiicient mode of constructing houses. The composition may also be colored, of various shades, for cornice, window-caps, &c.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,.is-

A series of sectional moulds, A B, for the outer face, and another, H I, for the inner face of walls, in combination with the door and window boxing M N, strips K, dove-tailed joists Jj, all arranged substantially and united by flanges Fin the manner shown and specified. A I

In combination with my sectional moulds, I also claim the open interstices, when made for the admission ofearbonic acid gas, for thepurpose specified. I

I also claim the proportions specifiedfor making the composition, when introduced between s'ectional moulds, in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

JOHNR. RICHARDS. Witnesses:

WM.'B. WILEY, JACOB Smurrsn. I 

